Knowledge

21.Cut pile: A pile surface created by cutting the loops of yarns formed in a tufted or woven carpet

22.Cut and loop pile: A carpet in which the face is a combination of cut ends of pile yarns and loops

23.Dead yarns: The pile yarn in a Wilton carpet that remains hidden in the backing structure when not forming a pile tuft (or loop)

24.Delamination: A form of deterioration of a tufted carpet in which the primary backing separates from the secondary backing

25.Dimensional stability: The ability of a carpet to retain its original size and shape once installed. A secondary backing helps this

26.Durability: The ability of a carpet to resist wear over a long period

27.Face-to-face weaving: A carpet weaving process where two base fabrics connected by pile yarns are woven simultaneously. The yarns are then cut to produce two carpets that are mirror images of each other

28.Finishing (carpet): The processing of carpets after tufting or weaving, including application of secondary backing, application of foam backing, steaming, soil resist treatments, shearing and brushing

29.Finishing (carpet yarn): The final step for a carpet yarn, involving scouring, setting and the application other treatments such as insect resist agents

30.Fluffing (or shedding) : The accumulation of loose short fibre fragments on the surface of a cut pile carpet early in its wear life

31.Frames: Racks at the back of a Wilton loom holding spools from which yarns are fed into the loom. Each frame holds a separate colour

32.Frieze (or frisé or hard twist): A yarn that has been very tightly twisted and well set to give a rough texture to a carpet pile

33.Fuzzing: A hairy effect on a carpet surface caused by fibres working loose

34.Gauge: The number of ends of surface yarn across a tufted carpet, usually measured in ends per inch (ie, 1/8 gauge = 8 ends/inch). Also, the distance between the needle points

35.Greige fabric  : A ‘grey’ undyed fabric

36.Grinning: Visibility of the carpet backing between adjacent rows of tufts. This fault has several possible causes, including too low pile weight

37.Heather: A subtle multicoloured effect produced by intermingling yarns or spinning different coloured fibres together. Berber and tweed are similar types of yarn and are generally 100% wool

38.Heat setting : A process for stabilising the twist in thermoplastic carpet yarns such as nylon

39.Hexapod Tumbler Tester: A rotatable drum (300 mm diameter) for subject carpet samples to simulated foot traffic. The samples line the inside wall of the drum. It uses a heavy metal tumbler with 6 protruding studs to impact with the carpet as the drum rotates for a specified number of revolutions

40.Hook: A component in a cut-pile tufting machine which catches a loop as it is formed and holds it while the knife cuts it

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