Knowledge

41.Indoor air quality: A term used to describe the quality of air breathed by the occupants of a building

42.Insect-resist treatment: A fibre or yarn treatment on wool to prevent attach by moth larvae and beetles

43.Jacquard: A device for a carpet weaving loom that produces a pattern from coloured yarns. In old versions the information was carried on punched cards; today computers control the jacquard mechanism

44.Jerker bar: Part of a tufting machine comprising a moveable guide (eyeboard) through which the pile yarns are threaded. It controls tension on the pile yarns on their path to the tufting needles

45.Jute : A natural (plant) fibre that is used in backing in woven carpets, or woven into fabric to become secondary backing in tufted carpets. Now gradually being replaced by fibreglass and polypropylene

46.Latex: A water emulsion of synthetic rubber, natural rubber or other polymer. In carpets latex is used for laminating secondary backings to tufted carpet and backcoating woven carpets and rugs

47.Level loop: A carpet construction in which the yarn on the face of the carpet forms a loop anchored into the carpet back. The pile loops have the same height, making a smooth, level surface

48.Looper: The finger on which the loops are formed in a tufting machine, to produce a loop pile carpet

49.Loop pile: A carpet pile surface where the face yarns remain continual loops, connected together beneath the backing fabric

50.Lustre: Brightness (or reflectivity) of fibres, yarns and fabrics. Synthetic fibres are produced in various lustre classifications

51.Matting: Severe pile crush combined with entanglement of fibres and tufts

52.Mending: Hand repair of carpet after tufting and weaving to replace missing tufts, remove knots and loose ends, etc.

53.Nap Carpet or rug pile surface; the direction of the pile

54.Needle: An eyed needle that inserts yarns into primary backing to form tufts

55.Needle bar: This holds the tufting needles and reciprocates up and down to produce the tufting action

56.Nonwoven: A fabric manufactured directly from fibres or filaments, or from a web of fibres, without the need for weaving, knitting or tufting

57.Nylon (or polyamide): A petrochemical-based fibre invented in 1938 by DuPont in USA. There are two basic types: nylon 6 and nylon 6,6. It is produced in bulked continuous filament and staple fibre

58.Olefin (or polypropylene): A fibre (or sheet or film) made from a by-product of the petroleum industry. Available as either bulked continuous filament or staple fibre. In carpets has a lower life expectancy than nylon

59.Package dyeing: The yarn is wound on perforated tubes and the packages are dyed by passing dye liquor through the packages under pressure

60.Pattern: Artistic decorative design of the surface of a carpet. It may be printed, woven with coloured yarns or sculptured in multiple pile heights

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